Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Mimusops elengi and Moringa oleifera

M. Swapna Reddy¹*, B. Ramya Kuber²

¹Vaagdevi Pharmacy College, Bollikunta, Warangal.

²Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam,Tirupathi

*Corresponding Author E-mail: swapnareddy81mpharm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Present study was aimed on evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaves of Mimusops elengi and Moringa oleifera against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli respectively using different solvents like, hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. Mimusops elengi is an evergreen tree and have many traditional uses and Moringa oleifera is highly nutritious plant, have high nutritive value when compared to the daily used food products like milk, banana, eggs etc. these plants have many medicinal uses like analgesic, ant tubercular activity, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory etc., Cylindrical plate method was used to assess the effect of the extracts on B. subtilis and E. coli at 25 μl, 35 μl and 50 μl concentration. Among the extracts obtained from five solvents, only chloroform , methanol and aqueous extracts showed the inhibition compared with a standard antibiotic Streptomycin. In solvent extract of Mimusops elengi at 25 μl to 50 μl concentration, methanol recorded a maximum inhibition of 25.7mm and 31.3mm against B. subtilis. In solvent extract of Moringa oleifera at 25 μl to 50 μl concentration, aqueous extract recorded maximum inhibition of 5mm against E. coli.

KEYWORDS: Antibacterial, Moringa oleifera and Mimusops elengi

INTRODUCTION:

The limited life span of antimicrobials due to resistance because of indiscriminate use, necessitates the continuous search for alternatives. Awareness for misuse of antibiotics and also the potential risk of using synthetic form of phytochemicals have been reported. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. Traditionally common people use crude extracts of plant parts as curative agents. Plants with possible antimicrobial activity should be tested against an appropriate microbial model to confirm the activity and to ascertain the parameters associated with it.

This project covers the extraction and evaluation of the medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity. The plants used in this project are leaves of Mimusops elengi and Moringa oleifera.

Introduction to plants of Mimusops elengi and Moringa oleifera^1,2,3,4,5

Mimusops elengi:

Taxonomy

Kingdom: Plantae,

Order: Ericales,

Family: Sapotaceae,

Genus: Mimusops

Species: M.elengi L.,

Binomial name: Mimusops elengi

Description:

Mimusops elengi Linn. is a large glabrous evergreen tree 12-15 m high, with a compact leafy head and short erect trunk, bark smooth, scaly, and gray, Leaves are elliptic shortly acuminate, glabrous, base acute or rounded, petioles 1.3-2.5 cm long, flower white, fragrant, fruit berry about 2.5cm long, ovoid, yellow when ripe, seed ovoid, compressed, brown, shining.

Chemical composition:

Leaves:

Quercitol (1.7%), hentriacontane, β-carotene and glucose. D-mannitol, β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol- β-D-glucoside, and quercetin, lupeol.

Bark:

tannin, wax, coloring matter, starch and ash forming inorganic salts, taraxerone, taraxerol, α-spinasterol, sodium ursolate and betulinic acid, pentacyclic triterpenoids betulic acid, lupeol, taraxerol and ursolic acid. Fatty acid ester of α-spinasterol.

Seeds:

quercitol, dihydroquercetin, and quercetin, β-D-glucoside of β-sitosterol and α- spinasterol Medicinal uses^8,10,14,17 Antibacterial, Antihemorrhoidal, Antifungal, Anticariogenic, Free radical scavenging, Ant hyperglycemic, Antineoplastic, Gastroprotective, Antinociceptive, Antiviral, Anti hyperlipidemic.

Moringa oleifera:

Taxonomy:

Kingdom: Plantae

Order : Brassicales

Family : Moringaceae

Genus : Moringa

Species : M. oleifer

Binomial name: Moringa oleifera

Description:

Moringa oleifera is a small, fast-growing evergreen tree that usually grows up to 10 or 12 m in height. It has a spreading, open crown of drooping, fragile branches, and thick, corky, whitish bark. The leaves are bipinnate or more commonly tripinnate, upto 45 cm long, and are alternate and spirally arranged on the twigs. This plant have a high nutritional value when compared to the daily intake food products.

Chemical composition:^11-13,15

Benzylamine,sitosterol,4-(alpha-L-Rhamnosyloxy) benzylglucosinolate,stigmosterol, vanillin, 2-propyl isothiocyanate, 2-butyl isothiocyanate, indoleacetic acid, moringyne, Indole acetonitrile, quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, gossypetin.

Medicinal uses:^7,14,17

Rubefacient, Anti-inflammatory, act as a cardiac/ circulatory tonic, Treating rheumatism fevers, bronchitis, eye and ear infections, scurvy, Leaf juice is believed to control glucose levels

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Plants and parts used

Mimusops elengi Leaves

Moringa oleifera Leaves

Method of Extraction:

Both plant’s leaves are dried under shade and extracted with five different solvents Hexane, Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol, Water by Soxhlet extraction method.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity ^6,9,16,18

PLANT TEST ORGANISM

Mimusops elengi Bacillus subtilis

Moringa oleifera Escherichia coli

Method of evaluation:

Ø Antibacterial activity of the extracts of both plant samples was evaluated by the agar diffusion method (cup-plate method).

Ø First the medium necessary for evaluation is prepared. The medium used is nutrient agar medium.18gm of nutrient agar was dissolved in some amount of distilled water and after solubilising completely, the volume is made up to 1L with the distilled water.

Ø Then the prepared agar medium in poured into the conical flask and stoppered with an unadsorbent cotton and kept for sterilization in autoclave at 121°C and maintained at 15lb pressure for 30min.

Ø Before beginning the process of media preparation, the pertiplates, borer which are to be used should be kept for sterilization in hot air oven at 160°C for 1hr and also the laminar air flow chamber should be made ready.

Ø After the media sterilization is done, the test organism should be inoculated into the medium using a sterile inoculating loop.

Ø In one conical flask Bacillus subtilis is inoculated and into another conical flask with medium, the E. coli is inoculated and the immediately ,15 Petri plates are filled upto the mark with B. subtilis inoculated medium and another 15 Petri plates are filled with E. coli inoculated medium and left for 15mins for the solidification and preparation of the agar plates.

Ø Meanwhile the required concentrations of each solvent extract of both the plants are prepared using their respective solvents.

Ø The concentrations of different solvent extracts of both the plants are as follows:

1gm of the obtained extract of each solvent is dissolved in 10ml of the respective solvent

Ø After preparation of concentrations and solidification of agar plates, A well of 5mm diameter was made into the agar with sterile bores.

Ø Then from the prepared extract concentrations 25μl , 35μl , 50μl are added into the wells. Each Petri plate have two wells one for extract, one for streptomycin.

Ø Petri plates are remained undisturbed for an hour which is considered as the pre-incubation period.

Ø Finally the plates were incubated at 37oc for 24 hrs and examined. The diameter of the zone of inhibition (mm) was measured for each of the extract against each bacterial strain

RESULTS

Table 1. Antibacterial activity of different solvent extract of leaves of Mimusops elengi against Bacillus subtilis

SOLVENT EXTRACT	CONCENTRATION	ZONE OF INHIBITION (mm)
Hexane extract Ether extract Chloroform extract Methanolic extract Aqueous extract Streptomycin	25μl 35μl 50μl 25μl 35μl 50μl 25μl 35μl 50μl 25μl 35μl 50μl 25μl 35μl 50μl 25mg	- - - - - - - - - 18.2 25.7 31.3 19.2 20.7 24.4 30.9

Table 2. Antibacterial activity of different solvent extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera against Escherichia coli

SOLVENT EXTRACT	CONCENTRATION	ZONE OF INHIBITION (mm)
Hexane extract Ether extract Chloroform extract Methanolic extract Aqueous extract Streptomycin	25μl 35μl 50μl 25μl 35μl 50μl 25μl 35μl 50μl 25μl 35μl 50μl 25μl 35μl 50μl 25mg	- - - - - - - - - - 4 4.8 4.6 5 5.5 12

CONCLUSION:

In the present project, it was showed that among all the extracts, methanol and aqueous extracts of Mimusops elengi have shown maximum antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis at different concentrations. The results of Moringa oleifera leaves methanol and water extracts have shown the minimum anti-bacterial activity on Eschericia coli. In conclusion these results can be used to test for various pathogenic organisms and to isolate and identify the constituents responsible for antibacterial activity.

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Received on 07.11.2015 Modified on 26.11.2015

Accepted on 08.12.2015 ©A&V Publications All right reserved

Res. J. Pharmacognosy & Phytochem. 8(1): Jan.- Mar. 2016; Page 13-15

DOI: 10.5958/0975-4385.2016.00003.0